Inflammation-Driven Molecular Ageing in Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases: Is There a Role for Biologic Therapies?

Abstract

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa are systemic conditions marked by persistent immune activation. Growing evidence links them to molecular and vascular ageing, including oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and reduced expression of longevity-related proteins like Klotho and SIRT1. This narrative review examines how Th17- and Th2-driven inflammation contributes to systemic inflammageing. Key cytokines—IL-17, IL-23, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31—promote endothelial damage, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction. We highlight the role of vascular biomarkers (e.g., VCAM-1, ICAM-1, ST2, P-selectin) and immune cell senescence as indicators of ageing. Finally, we explore whether biologic therapies targeting these pathways may attenuate inflammation-driven ageing. Chronic skin diseases may thus serve as accessible models of systemic inflammageing and targets for early intervention.