Molecular Diagnostics as an Indispensable Tool for the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases of Viral Origin and Global Impact

Abstract

Infectious diseases are responsible for a considerable number of deaths in infectious in entire world. Infectious diseases are human diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and other microorganisms. Most of them have been controlled by vaccines or antimicrobials. However, some of them still represent global public health problems and are being monitored by the WHO and Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This chapter provides an overview of the applications of molecular methods for infectious diseases caused by viruses (intracellular obligate parasites) of global impact such as Dengue virus, Hepatitis B virus or influenza A virus. The infectious diseases not only represent a potential danger to the life of all human beings but also a significant investment in its detection, treatment and control of their spread. The increase in opportunities of infection by globalization, high rates of mobility among most countries around the world, the patient susceptibility to diseases due to genetic variation in populations [1], the ability of the microorganisms to evade the host immune response has forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to establish better methods of detection, prevention and control of infectious diseases caused by viruses as influenza A virus, coronaviruses, dengue virus, among others [2]. On the other hand, some types of cancer are the result of chronic viral infections caused by human papillomavirus, hepatitis B and C virus. Other infectious diseases are related to the development of neurological disorders caused by the measles virus, or human immunodeficiency virus [3]. In the determination of the etiology