Psychological distress, anxiety, depression, stress level, and coping style in HIV-pregnant women in Mexico

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the presence of psychological distress (PD) and its association with the mental health and coping styles of pregnant women living with HIV (PWLWH). Method: An observational, cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. Seventy-three PWLWH were included. Patients responded to a psychometric battery for PD, depression, anxiety, stress, and coping style evaluation. The scales used in the study were: Goldberg’s 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Zung Depression Self-Measurement Scale (ZDS), Nowack Stress Profile, Lazarus and Folkman’s Coping Styles Questionnaire. Results: PD was observed in 31.5% of the participants. PD-positive patients showed a higher probability of presenting traits of depression and anxiety and medium/high stress levels. Besides, they preferentially used emotion-focused coping styles. Conclusion: PD is associated with a higher probability of presenting anxiety and depression in PWLWH. Emotion-focused coping style could be a factor in decision-making associated with risk behaviors in PWLWH.