Historical analogies and general theoretical schemes in the study on contemporary international relations: anachronism or opportunity?

Abstract

This article discusses the plausibility of historical analogies and general theoretical schemes in the study on contemporary international processes. It explains how the complex character of contemporary international relations modifies the previous role of theoretical generalizations and lessons from the past. The uncertainty of contemporary international processes, including the waves of global economic, social and political turbulences, makes the general theoretical schemes more tentative. It reduces the role played by historical analogies which become more risky and potentially inconclusive. They change their initial explanatory functions. The novelty and past experience intertwine in the analysis of contemporary international phenomena, yet the elements of uncertainty and novelty prevail. Theories respond to these challenges with flexibility and pragmatism, including some “middle ground” positions. Their ideas are valuable, but do not change the article’s conclusion that general theoretical schemes and historical analogies offer a limited practical advice in the study on contemporary international relations.