Experiments in a floating water bridge

Abstract

In a high-voltage direct-current experiment, a watery connection formed between two beakers filled with deionized water, giving the impression of a 'floating water bridge'. Having a few millimeters diameter and up to 2.5 cm length, this watery connection reveals a number of interesting phenomena currently discussed in water science. Focusing on optical measurement techniques, the flow through the bridge was visualized and data were recorded such as flow velocity and directions, heat production, density fluctuations, pH values, drag force and mass transfer. To provide a better understanding of the basic phenomena involved the discussion references related literature. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.