Doença de Machado-Joseph descrição de cinco membros de uma família

Abstract

Os autores apresentam o estudo realizado em 5 membros afetados de uma família portadora da doença de Machado-Joseph. São abordados os diferentes tipos clínicos da doença encontrados, bem como os exames complementares realizados, em particular os estudos de tomografia craniana, exames neurofisiológicos (eletromiografia, estudo de condução nervosa, estudo de potencial evocado auditivo), biópsias de nervo periférico e de músculo estriado esquelético, com estudo histoquímico.The authors report the clinical and laboratorial findings of 5 affected members (all males) of a family with Machado-Joseph disease. The mode a inheritance was autosomal dominant. The mean onset age was 38 years (range 30-50 years). The clinical picture was pleomorphic and included cerebellar ataxia, external ophthalmoplegia with bulging eyes, extrapiramidal/piramidal syndromes, amyotrophy with fasciculations and peripheral neuropathy, in variable degrees of severity. In one patient parkinsonian rigidity was greatly improved with the use of trihexaphenidyl and L-dopa. CT scan examinations disclosed a variable degree of cerebellar atrophy, with mild cerebral atrophy in one patient. Brainsten evoked potentials were normal in two patients. EMG showed denervation in three patients. Muscle biopsy (gastrocnemium) with histochemical studies revealed chronic muscle denervation in four cases. Sural nerve biopsy with conventional pathological study was normal in four cases. This family was living in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, where there is a great number of Portuguese descendants from the Azores Islands. The worldwide presence of the disease seems to result from the genic diffusion of the disease with the Portuguese emigration during the Great Navigations Era and with some later emigratory settlement.