Community Irritation and Tourism Impact in Kampung Pelangi 200: A Qualitative Assessment

Abstract

Mass tourism increasingly impacts urban destinations and local communities, often leading to both economic opportunities and socio-environmental challenges. Kampung Pelangi 200 (Lembur Katumbiri) in Dago, Bandung, exemplifies these dynamics. Originally a relocation site along the Cikapundung River, this village gained viral popularity after a colorful transformation and rebranding in May 2025, attracting a surge of domestic visitors. This study aims to analyze the multidimensional impacts of mass tourism on the local community, focusing on economic, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through non-participant observation, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews with 13 informants across three neighborhood units (RTs). The study applies Doxey's Irritation Index to assess shifts in community sentiment, along with the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to explore how local assets are mobilized in response to tourism development. Findings indicate that the revitalization led to increased income and informal employment opportunities, particularly benefiting residents living near high-traffic photo spots. However, economic gains were unevenly distributed. Socio-culturally, minor acculturation occurred, though largely mitigated by the community's prior exposure to urban diversity. Environmentally, tourism has caused issues with congestion and waste management, exacerbated by inadequate infrastructure. Community responses fall between Doxey's Apathy and Annoyance stages, reflecting economic acceptance mixed with fatigue from saturation. Through the lens of the CCF, limited financial and environmental capital restrict sustainability, while strong social cohesion supports resilience. These findings underscore the need for inclusive and community-driven tourism management strategies to ensure long-term sustainability and local well-being.