Endovascular Surgery Revascularization of Chronic Cervical Carotid Occlusions: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion is an important cause of ischemic strokes. Medical management alone remains suboptimal for secondary prevention, and randomized controlled trials failed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of extracranial-intracranial vascular bypass. Carotid occlusion endovascular surgery (COES) is a promising technique, yet its efficacy and safety remain unclear.