Biology and management of squash vine borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

Abstract

Squash vine borer, Melittia cucurbitae (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is a species of clearwing moth native to North and South America which is a pest on members of the cucurbit family during its larval stage. Squash vine borer larvae burrow into cucurbit stems and runners, causing damage and often mortality by girdling the stem. Because they are a sporadic pest and affect home gardens or small-scale diversified farms more often than large-scale operations, research on squash vine borer management is limited. Preventing infestations, often through the use of tillage and sanitation and floating row covers, is a commonly recommended method of control. Perimeter trap cropping is also effective at preventing crop damage. Insecticides such as pyrethroids and spinosad can be applied for control of eggs and young larvae of squash vine borer, with consistent and early scouting and monitoring leading to more effective control. Newer methods of spraying Bacillus thuringiensis or entomopathogenic nematodes onto the crop show some promise for both organic and conventional farmers, and prove easier than injecting them into affected cucurbit stems. The use of arthropod natural enemies for biological control has proven ineffective at controlling squash vine borer. Preventing infestations and understanding the biology of this pest are essential to managing squash vine borer effectively for both small-scale and commercial growers.