Low-level laser therapy: A review for the upper limb

Abstract

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a therapeutic modality used as an adjunct to a wide variety of treatment protocols for many hand and upper limb musculoskeletal pathologies. LLLT uses light waves typically in the 600–1000-nm wavelength spectrum to transfer energy to biological tissues for therapeutic outcomes. Many studies of LLLT have reported theoretical and laboratory-demonstrated treatment efficacy as well as tangible clinical benefits to patients. Despite many studies on LLLT as a modality for musculoskeletal pathology of the upper limb, current evidence does not clearly favor this intervention over a sham intervention. It is not readily evident from the current body of evidence that there is a definitive benefit to this modality. Study methodology is often poor, and reporting is not standardized. Thus, there is limited conclusive evidence for the role of LLLT in treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome and other neuropathies, osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis, tendonopathies, and wound healing in the upper limb. Future high-quality studies may shed more light on the best applications for this modality.