Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Kinerja UMK Pempek Di Kota Palembang

Abstract

Pempek Palembang merupakan contoh sukses makanan tradisional yang telah menjadi makanan nasional. Namun, UMKM kuliner pempek di Palembang masih memiliki daya saing rendah, dengan tingkat penjualan yang tidak stabil, yang berdampak pada kinerja bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh faktor eksternal dan internal terhadap kinerja UMKM pempek di Palembang. Sebanyak 200 pelaku UMKM menjadi responden, dan analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan aplikasi SmartPLS. Hasil menunjukkan faktor eksternal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap faktor internal (peningkatan 1% faktor eksternal meningkatkan faktor internal sebesar 94,9%) dan kinerja usaha (peningkatan 1% faktor eksternal meningkatkan kinerja sebesar 25,8%). Faktor internal juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja usaha (peningkatan 1% faktor internal meningkatkan kinerja sebesar 62%). Penelitian ini menjadi yang pertama menggunakan metode SEM PLS untuk mengkaji pengaruh faktor eksternal dan internal terhadap kinerja UMKM pempek di Palembang.Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are vital to the national economy due to their role in labor absorption and poverty alleviation, with the pempek industry in Palembang City serving as a prominent sector that faces challenges such as limited capital, low innovation, and traditional management. This study aims to identify the characteristics of these SMEs and analyze the influence of internal and external factors on their business performance within the specific context of Palembang City. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 200 purposively selected SME actors through surveys and interviews, then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) to examine variables including human resources, finance, marketing, government policy, and socio-economic support. The findings reveal that both internal and external factors significantly impact performance; specifically, stronger internal capabilities in HR and finance lead to better growth, while external factors provide essential support both directly and indirectly. Although the sector in Palembang City is dominated by educated, productive-aged women with high development potential, weaknesses in financial access and technological utilization persist. The SEM-PLS model successfully explains the variations in business dynamics, demonstrating that a synergy between internal management and institutional support is crucial for the sustainability of pempek businesses. This research provides a comprehensive framework for stakeholders to strengthen the local culinary industry by addressing specific operational and capital needs in Palembang City.