Police, non-state actors, and political legitimacy in Central America

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between police presence and political legitimacy in countries with limited statehood. Using cross-sectional, national-based survey data in Central America’s northern triangle countries, this article measures the impact of the territorial police presence and other security-related groups on attitudes of support for the political system and democracy. The findings show that the perceived police presence at the community level is associated with higher political legitimacy in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras. Such presence is also associated with elevated attitudes of support for democracy in El Salvador and Honduras. However, the results also indicate that other non-state actors can contribute to the support for the political system. The article discusses the implications of these findings in states with limited territorial reach.