Sulfonamides: Synthesis and the recent applications in medicinal chemistry

Abstract

This review spotlights on sulfonamides from different sides, including history, structure-activity relationship, chemistry, methods of classification and up to date ways for their synthesis. Moreover, the review includes a discussion of the varied pharmacological effects of sulfonamides. Sulfonamides have a good range of pharmacological activities like oral diuretics (furosemide, indapamide, chlorthalidone, thiazides); anticancer (E7070), carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors (CAIs) (acetazolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide and brinzolamide), antiepileptics (zonisamide and sulthiame), for rheumatoid arthritis (Sulfasalazine) antiviral (Darunavir) anti-inflammatory (celecoxib), antibacterial (Sulfadizine), as ophthamologicals (Dorzolamide) anticonvulsant (Zonisamide) cycloxygenase 2 (COX2) inhibitors (valdecoxib). These days, novel pills are launched, like apricoxib and pazopanib, which additionally include this organization. The sulfonamides competitively inhibit vitamin Bc synthesis in micro-organisms and subsequently inhibit multiplication of bacteria but donot actively kill them. They need been used against most gram-positive and lots of gram-negative bacteria, also as some fungi.