A Sustainable Approach to Glucose Biosensors: Utilizing Coconut Shell Activated Carbon and NiCaFe2O4 Nanoparticles

Abstract

Diabetes-related mortality can be significantly reduced through early detection of blood glucose levels. This study presents a sustainable approach to glucose biosensors by utilizing coconut shell activated carbon as the working electrode material in a carbon paste electrode for electrochemical glucose detection via cyclic voltammetry. The performance of the electrode was further enhanced with NiCaFe2 O4 nanoparticles to improve electron transfer and redox potential. The optimized electrode consisted of a 2:1 ratio of activated carbon to paraffin, incorporating 16% NiCaFe2 O4 nanoparticles. Detection of hydrogen peroxide using this modified electrode exhibited an oxidation peak at 0.16 V and a reduction peak at -0.35 V. Optimal glucose detection conditions were achieved in 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.5. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on the modified electrode, showing a linear response for glucose detection at the oxidation peak of 0.66 V. This sustainable biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity and potential for low-cost, eco-friendly glucose monitoring applications.