Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System for Enhanced Photovoltaic Efficiency in Tropical Climates

Abstract

This research focuses on the design and implementation of a movement strategy for a photovoltaic (PV) system, presented through four phases: First came the design of the mechanical part and the selection of geared motors with high torque and low power consumption, while having a solid mechanical structure that supports the panel. An open-loop control was selected using solar positioning equations, with the inputs defined as solar equations. The Intel Edison development board was chosen for programming the solar equations in Python. Two linear potentiometers served as sensing elements, where analog–digital characterization was conducted for each movement. The plant started with the static panel at a latitude of 7° south, oriented toward the equator, achieving a performance of 177.62 kWh. With the solar tracker, a performance of 232.38 kWh was obtained, resulting in an efficiency increase of 27%. Given the aim of enhancing PV efficiency through increased utilization, satisfactory results were achieved. Another advantage of the unit is that it is designed to support more than one panel.