Catheter tips are a possible resource for biological study on catheter failure

Abstract

Few studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of catheter failure (CF). Herein, we performed histological and molecular biological analyses of the catheter tip to demonstrate its potential as a resource for biological investigation. Additionally, we searched for risk factors for the development of inflammation and coagulation, which are pathological conditions clarified by biological analysis. The CF group included 30 failed catheters involving thrombus and subcutaneous edema identified by ultrasonography. The No-CF group included 26 catheters with no complications. The removed catheter tips were fixed for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining with the application of a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for eukaryotic 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, tissue plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1). HE staining identified attached nuclear cells on the inner surfaces of both CF and No-CF catheters. The 18S rRNA was amplified in all samples. The expression level of SERPINE1 was significantly higher in the CF group than in the No-CF group (p = 0.01), whereas the expression levels of other genes did not differ between the groups. Symptoms of CF associated with the expression of SERPINE1 were analyzed. The catheter being in contact with blood vessels during placement was a suggested factor related to the high expression of SERPINE1 (p = 0.04). Catheter tips are a potential resource for biological investigation, and expression analysis of the attached cells can reflect the pathological condition of the catheterized tissue. Further studies using catheter tips are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CF.