Roselle flower petals extract inhibits periodontal pathogenic biofilms

Abstract

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of roselle flower petals extract on Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms in vitro. Material and Methods: Crystal violet biofilm assays were carried out to evaluate the effect of roselle flower petals extract on F. nucleatum ATCC-25586 and P. gingivalis ATCC-3327 biofilms. Each bacterium was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth for 48 h at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. Subsequently, 200 µL (107 CFU/mL) of bacterial suspension was distributed in a 96-well plate for 48 h to form both mono-and dual-species biofilms. Different concentrations of the roselle flower extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine-gluconate (positive control) were added to the biofilms in the wells and incubated for 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h. Results: There was a significant biofilm reduction after treatment with roselle flower petals extract at all concentrations and incubation times compared to the negative control (p<0.05). The most effective concentrations for inhibiting the monospecies biofilms of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis and the dual species biofilm were 100%, leading to a 99.8%, 100%, and 90.6% reduction of the biofilm compared to the control, respectively. Conclusion: Roselle flower petals extract is effective at inhibiting F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis biofilms. This anti-biofilm agent may be developed as an alternative therapy to prevent periodontal disease. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of action of the active compounds.