Incidence of blood culture-related sepsis in neonates and antibiotics sensitivity of implicated organisms in a secondary healthcare facility in Ghana

Abstract

Objective: We determined the incidence of blood culture-related sepsis, causative bacteria, and antibiotics sensitivity among newborn babies with suggestive signs of sepsis admitted at the Upper East Regional Hospital in Bolgatanga, Ghana. Design: Prospective cross-sectional study Setting: Newborn Care Unit of the Upper East Regional Hospital, Bolgatanga Participants: Neonates admitted to the Newborn Care Unit from August 2019 to August 2020 with signs of sepsis Main outcome measures: Organisms isolated from blood cultures and sensitivity of isolated organisms to antibiotics. Results: The study included two hundred and seventy-six (276) patients. Laboratory confirmed sepsis was 13.4% (37/276). Early onset sepsis was 3.3% (9/276), while late-onset sepsis was 10.1% (28/276). The most common clinical signs associated with positive culture cases were temperature instability (35.5%), poor feeding (14.5%), neonatal jaundice (11.3%), vomiting (9.7%), and respiratory distress (8.1%). Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most common bacterial isolates (46% and 32%, respectively). There was no relationship between independent variables and blood culture confirmed sepsis. Antibiotics to which isolates were most resistant included flucloxacillin 4/4, penicillin 14/15, ampicillin 16/18, and tetracycline 23/28. Bacterial isolates were most sensitive to amikacin 16/16, levofloxacin 5/5, erythromycin 8/8, cefazolin 7/8, and ciprofloxacin 18/24. Conclusion: Late-onset sepsis is a common sepsis category, and the implicated microorganisms are resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics.