Factors affecting labor productivity in the global construction industry: a critical review, classification and ranking

Abstract

The construction industry plays a fundamental role in economic development and job creation, but it faces challenges of labor productivity that have been exacerbated due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Labor productivity is a critical component of success, as it influences the duration, costs, and efficiency ofprojects. Understanding the nature of factors affecting labor productivity is essential to finding solutions. This study examined the literature to identify key factors influencing labor productivity, departing from conventional analytical approaches. Through mixed-methods analysis, qualitative approaches of systematic reviews identified influential factors based on 97 documents.Subsequently, they were classified using a combination of statistical analysis and hierarchical clustering methods that encompassed both internal and external factors. The Importance Value Index allowed for the classification of the 30 most critical factors, analyzing three possible ranking scenarios. The study found that the interest in researching the topic remains relevant and has evolved over time. In recent years, greater attention has been paid to labor, management, work environment, and technical aspects. The results indicate that internal project factors, such as scheduling, planning, technical considerations, and resourcemanagement, are more predictable and controllable than external factors. Effective resource management and a comprehensive approach are essential for optimizing construction productivity. Project-level factors, as well as materials, tools, and equipment, play an important role. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying and classifying key productivity factors, this study offers valuable insights to construction professionals, policymakers, and researchers seeking to improve labor productivity and optimize project outcomes.