Logistics and Global Strategy: Impacts of Offshoring, Nearshoring and Reshoring on Supply Chains

Abstract

Objective: This study investigates offshoring, nearshoring and reshoring strategies, analyzing their characteristics, motivating factors and impacts on the supply chain. The research seeks to understand how these approaches influence the competitiveness, logistics and operational efficiency of companies.   Theoretical Reference: The concepts of offshoring, nearshoring and reshoring are presented. Offshoring transfers production to countries with lower costs, nearshoring prioritizes geographic proximity to reduce logistical costs, and reshoring brings production back to the country of origin. These strategies affect competitiveness and business efficiency.   Method: The research, with a bibliographic and qualitative approach, used a literature review in databases such as CAPES, SciElo and Google Scholar. Semantic analysis identified relevant themes, and articles were selected focusing on summary, introduction and conclusion.   Results and Discussion: The choice between strategies depends on the needs of the production chain and the economic benefits involved. These approaches impact logistics, location of activities, innovation and operational efficiency. The results are discussed in light of the theoretical framework, considering implications and limitations.   Research Implications: The findings provide insights into supply chain management, logistics optimization and productive resilience in the global scenario.   Originality/Value: The research contributes by deepening the understanding of the factors that motivate these strategies and their impacts, assisting strategic decisions in the industrial and logistics sector.Objective: This study investigates offshoring, nearshoring and reshoring strategies, analyzing their characteristics, motivating factors and impacts on the supply chain. The research seeks to understand how these approaches influence the competitiveness, logistics and operational efficiency of companies.   Theoretical Reference: The concepts of offshoring, nearshoring and reshoring are presented. Offshoring transfers production to countries with lower costs, nearshoring prioritizes geographic proximity to reduce logistical costs, and reshoring brings production back to the country of origin. These strategies affect competitiveness and business efficiency.   Method: The research, with a bibliographic and qualitative approach, used a literature review in databases such as CAPES, SciElo and Google Scholar. Semantic analysis identified relevant themes, and articles were selected focusing on summary, introduction and conclusion.   Results and Discussion: The choice between strategies depends on the needs of the production chain and the economic benefits involved. These approaches impact logistics, location of activities, innovation and operational efficiency. The results are discussed in light of the theoretical framework, considering implications and limitations.   Research Implications: The findings provide insights into supply chain management, logistics optimization and productive resilience in the global scenario.   Originality/Value: The research contributes by deepening the understanding of the factors that motivate these strategies and their impacts, assisting strategic decisions in the industrial and logistics sector.