Education, Income and Parenting Patterns in Relation to Toddler Temper Tantrum Incidents and Parents Using Smartphones

Abstract

Introduction: Developmental disorders for toddlers are still a health problem today. Temper tantrums are an expression of extreme frustration that is described through the behavior of crying, shouting, and slamming things. Many factors can influence this condition, one of which is the background that the parents have. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education, income, parenting patterns, and the incidence of toddler temper tantrums for parents who are active smartphone users. M ethods: A correlational study method with a cross-sectional approach was used in this study. A total of 120 parents of children aged 12-36 months who are active smartphone users in the Surabaya area were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The data was obtained using a parenting pattern questionnaire to measure three types of parenting patterns, as well as temper tantrums. The reliability and validity of this questionnaire were confirmed. The data was analyzed using the Spearman Rank (rho) test and the contingency coefficient. Results: The results of the study based on statistical tests show there to be a significant value in relation to education background (p=0.024), monthly income (p=0.021), and parental pattern (p=0.034). There is a relationship between education, income, parenting patterns, and the incidence of toddler temper tantrums among parents who are active smartphone users. Conclusion: The parent plays an important role in the incidence of toddler temper tantrums. Therefore, it takes proper parenting patterns and the support of the family environment to reduce the incidence of temper tantrums among toddlers.