Amalan Pengurusan Perniagaan Usahawan Tani IKS Bumiputera: Satu Kajian Kes Di Negeri Terengganu

Abstract

Sektor pertanian di negara kita sedang mengalami transformasi ke arah yang lebih dinamik dan kompetitif. Sektor ini amat penting, bukan sahaja kerana ianya dapat membantu menjana pertumbuhan ekonomi negara malahan memberi peluang pekerjaan kepada rakyat. Pembangunan Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS) berasaskan pertanian telah diberi penekanan di dalam Dasar Pertanian Negara memandangkan potensinya di dalam mewujudkan peluang–peluang pekerjaan dan menambah nilai (value–added) hasil pengeluaran pertanian. Walaupun dasar dan inisiatif kerajaan untuk menjadikan Malaysia pusat pengeluaran makanan di peringkat global pada 2010 namun pencapaian usahawan tani terutama kaum Bumiputera masih pada tahap yang rendah. Kajian kes ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Untuk mengumpul data – satu set soal selidik, protokol temubual dan senarai pemerhatian telah dibina berdasarkan objektif kajian dan tinjauan literatur. Seramai 10 orang usahawan tani (5 lelaki dan 5 wanita) di negeri Terengganu telah dipilih berdasarkan kriteria kejayaan ushawan dalam memajukan perniagaan mereka. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan amalan pengurusan perniagaan dari persepsi usahawan tani Bumiputera yang dikaji berada pada tahap yang tinggi (min=4.43, sp=0.55). Walaupun begitu, hasil temubual mendapati usahawan tani yang dikaji mengakui bahawa amalan pengurusan pemasaran mereka masih di tahap yang lemah manakala hasil pemerhatian pula menunjukkan amalan pengurusan kewangan responden masih di tahap tidak memuaskan. Kata kunci: Sektor pertanian; industri kecil dan sederhana; usahawan tani; Bumiputera; Malaysia Agriculture in this country is experiencing significant transformation towards a more dynamic and competitive sector. This sector is critical in the sense that it is not only contributing to economic growth but also to creating job opportunities. The development of agro–based small and medium industries (SMI) is emphasised the nation’s Agriculture Policy because it is expected to value add the agro–products. Even tough the move by the government to make Malaysia a global hub for food production and chain by 2010, the achievement of SMI Bumiputera agropreneurs is still at low level. This case study utilised quantitative and qualitative approaches. Based on the research objectives and literature review, a set of questionnaires, interview protocol and site visit checklist was developed in order to collect pertinent data for this study. A sample of 10 agropreneurs (5 males and 5 females) in the state of Terengganu was selected based on their success profile in the business. The study found that the respondents strongly agreed (m=4.43, sd=0.55) that their business practices were in order. However, the result of the interview reveals that the participants acknowledged that their marketing strategies were weak. Further, the results of the site visit and document analysis show that, in general, the participants’ management of finances and account were poor. Key words: Agriculture; small and medium industries (SMI); agropreneurs, Bumiputera; Malaysia