Lived experiences of recovered COVID-19 persons in Nigeria: A phenomenological study

Abstract

Background Numerous publications have documented the mode of transmission and prevention of COVID-19 but little or no evidence exists on the experiences of people who survived the infection. Objective This study explored the specific experiences of persons who were infected with COVID-19, but have recovered completely. A secondary objective was to identify essential elements in the lived experiences of such persons, which would be useful in designing appropriate policies and programs for managing the virus in Nigeria. Method The data were collected using in-depth interviews with 21 persons who were diagnosed with the virus and recovered. The data were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively using NVivo software. The experiences of the survivors of COVID-19 were examined under six themes: compliance with prevention measures before being infected, perceptions on how they contracted the virus, the symptoms they experienced, the management of the disease, their experiences with the healthcare system, their emotional experiences, and their recommendations on specific strategies to prevent and manage the virus based on their experiences. Results The commonly perceived means of contracting the virus were through colleagues, patients, and friends who were infected. The most commonly experienced symptoms were anosmia and fever. The health providers were described as courteous but some of the respondents observed avoidance and fear. Not all the interviewees knew the drugs they were treated with, but some, particularly the medical personnel, identified hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, vitamin C, Augmentin, among others. Some of the participants used herbal remedies. While some respondents recounted good experiences in the isolation centre, others had unpleasant experiences. Direct and indirect encounters which were perceived as stigmatizing and discriminatory were reported by some respondents. Conclusion We conclude that persons who recovered from COVID-19 in Nigeria had varied experiences relating to the mode of infection, the clinical features, methods of treatment, and psychosocial effects of the virus. These experiences would be useful for designing and implementing appropriate interventions, policies, and programs for managing the pandemic in the country.