Accident and Safety Causation Analysis in Sociotechnical Systems Using AcciMap

Abstract

This chapter provides a thorough exploration of accident and safety causation analysis within sociotechnical systems, with a particular focus on the AcciMap accident analysis technique. Beginning with an introduction, the narrative progresses through a literature review, laying the groundwork for understanding the complexities of sociotechnical systems. Rasmussen’s Sociotechnical Risk Management Framework is introduced, emphasizing the structural hierarchy and dynamic nature inherent in these systems. The core of the chapter revolves around the AcciMap Accident Analysis Technique. This systematic approach encompasses the accident scenario examination, the revealing of key actors, the proposing of a generic AcciMap, and a detailed analysis of work processes. Each step is intricately detailed, providing a practical guide for safety experts, students, and engineers aiming to utilize AcciMap for causation analysis in sociotechnical systems. A real-world case study, a chemical exposure incident, exemplifies the practical application of AcciMap, illustrated its efficacy in identifying contributing factors to accidents within complex sociotechnical environments. The chapter then extends its focus to future directions and technical challenges for improving AcciMap. Eight key aspects are highlighted, including enhanced interdependency assessment, holistic factor identification, objective measures for reliability, dynamic system analysis, incomplete data and parameter uncertainty, model structural uncertainty, uncertain human behavior and decision-making, and temporal and dynamic uncertainty. Each of these challenges is briefly examined, offering insights into potential advancements in the application of AcciMap for safety causation analysis. In conclusion, this chapter can contribute to safety analysis in sociotechnical systems by offering a practical guide to AcciMap and shedding light on future directions and challenges, ensuring the continual refinement and adaptation of this valuable tool in enhancing system safety and resilience engineering within complex work environments.