Determining the online learning challenges during COVID-19 pandemic at the University of Mataram using Principal Component Analysis

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the world of education and it leads to the cancellation of all educational activities. An online learning system was an educational system or concept that utilizes information technology in the teaching and learning process. The basic principles in the online learning process are clarity of messages, learning strategies, interactivity, growth of motivation and creativity, and the use of media for effective communication. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors are hindering students in online lectures by using Principal Component Analysis. The research was conducted using a survey method, namely by filling in forms for undergraduate students at the University of Mataram. The method used to analyze the data was a quantitative descriptive technique which was expressed in the distribution of scores and percentages. This form contains 15 observed variables, after factor analysis was carried out, and obtained 3 factors that most hamper online lectures. The dominant factor is Factor 1 that can explain 28.957% of the variation. The variables included in Factor 1 are the lack of concentration, material understanding, not direct discussion, unconcern (boredom), and lack of study companion variables. The results obtained can be used as a consideration to maximize online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic.