Polymorphism in Ionic Cocrystals Comprising Lithium Salts and l -Proline

Abstract

The occurrence of polymorphism in ionic cocrystals formed by two lithium salts, lithium salicylate (LIS) and lithium 4-methoxybenzoate (L4M), and l-proline (PRO) has been investigated. The previously reported monoclinic form of the 1:1 cocrystal of LIS and PRO, LISPRO(α), and a new thermodynamically stable orthorhombic polymorph, LISPRO(β), were prepared and characterized. The two polymorphs form square grid, sql, topology coordination networks and differ mainly in the conformation of the salicylate ions and positioning of the sql nets. LISPRO(α) was observed to transform to LISPRO(β) under slurry conditions. The 1:1 ionic cocrystal of L4M and PRO (L4MPRO) was found to form three polymorphs. Apart from the previously reported orthorhombic crystal form, L4MPRO(α), two new monoclinic crystal forms, L4MPRO(β) and L4MPRO(γ), were obtained by modifying crystallization conditions. The new polymorphs were found to be metastable, undergoing transformations to L4MPRO(α) upon exposure to humidity. Experimental conditions that induce transformations between the polymorphs of LISPRO and L4MPRO are detailed, and the structural differences between the polymorphs are discussed in the broader context of polymorphism.