Mechanism of Hybrid Reinforcement and its Effect on some Properties of Binary Polymer Blend

Abstract

The aim of current study is carrying out some modifying in properties of resin material (Unsaturated polyester, UPE) by adding thermoplastic material (polystyrene, PS) with different weight ratios included (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of (PS) to prepare binary polymer blend. The optimum ratio was selected in terms of the homogeneity case between the two polymers and studying the nature of the surfaces of the prepared materials using the optical microscope. Some mechanical tests were performed to determine the values of impact strength (I.S), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for all prepared specimens. The ratio (80/20, weight/weight)% of (UPE/PS) blend was selected and reinforced with fibers volume fraction Ф f = 10% using three types of fibers included (glass fibers (G.F), Carbon fibers (C.F) and hybrid from the two types (5% G.F and 5% C.F). All the above tests were repeated after the reinforcement for comparing the results and studying the behavior of materials under work. The results exhibited that the values of (I.S) increase with increasing of the blending ratio of (PS) while the values of (UTS) decrease at blending ratios (10, 15) % of (PS) and return to increase at the ratio 20%. After the reinforcement, it was found that the composite reinforced with carbon fibers records the highest values of impact strength for un notch specimens while the hybrid composite has the highest value of the ultimate tensile strength comparing with E-glass and carbon fibers composites. ‫ﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮي‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺠﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫أﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫راﺗﻨﺠﯿ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮاص‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻮﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤ‬ ‫ﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫اﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪف‬) ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺒﻊ‬ , UPE (‫ﺘﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺮﻣﻮﺑﻼﺳ‬ ‫ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬) ‫ﺘﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ , PS (‫ﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫وزﻧﯿ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫وﺑﻨﺴ‬ 0,5 10, 15, 20) %(‫ﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮي‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻀﯿﺮﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬. Mechanism of Hybrid Reinforcement and its Effect on some Properties of Binary Polymer Blend 288 ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻮﻟﯿﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺜﻠﻰ‬ ‫راﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳ‬ ‫ﺮة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاداﻟﻤﺤﻀ‬ ‫ﻄﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫طﺒﯿﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺄ‬ ‫ﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﮭ‬. ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿ‬ ‫ﺎرات‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒ‬ ‫ﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌ‬ ‫ﺖ‬ ‫أﺟﺮﯾ‬ (I.S) , ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬) UTS (‫اﻟﻤﺤﻀﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ‬. ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزﻧﯿﺔ‬ (80/20) % ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ / ‫ﺘﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻠﺤﺖ‬ ‫وﺳ‬ ‫وﺑﻜﺴﺮﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻟﯿﺎف‬) Ф f = 10% (‫ﻤﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫اﻻﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮاع‬ ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳ‬) ‫ﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﯿ‬ (G.F) , ‫ﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻜ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﯿ‬) (C.F ‫ﺎف‬ ‫اﻻﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫وھﺠ‬) 5% G.F (‫و‬) 5% C.F .(‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿ‬ ‫ﺮار‬ ‫ﺗﻜ‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻋﻼه‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮك‬ ‫ودراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬. ‫ﺄن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫أظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻢ‬ (I.S) ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺰداد‬) UTS (‫ﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠ‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨ‬ ‫ﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﺗ‬) 10, 15 %(‫ﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺰداد‬ ‫ﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫وﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ 20%. ‫ﺄن‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺞ‬ ‫ﺎﺋ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘ‬ ‫ﺮت‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻠﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫وﺑﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛﺐ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺰوزة‬ ‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫ﺎذج‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫ﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺴ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻟﯿﺎف‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧ‬ ‫ﻮى‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤ‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺠ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛ‬ ‫ﺎج‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟ‬ ‫ﺎف‬ ‫اﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﺒ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬. INTRODUCTION lending of two or more different polymers has proved to be one of the most successful methods for developing new materials with desirable properties. Polymer blends are mixtures of two or more polymers that can either mix completely on a molecular scale or form two-phase structure. Polymer blends can exhibit new combinations of properties of component and strongly upon the morphology of the blended materials. This is synthetically somewhat easier than making copolymers because it allows the various polymer components to be produce by different polymerization methods [1, 2]. Blending of polymers may either result in compatible (miscible) system or incompatible (immiscible) system. A miscible polymer blend means single phase system; an immiscible polymer blend means multi phase system [3]. Although polymer blending looks to be a very attractive way to obtain new materials, most polymers blend are immiscible and/or incompabitible. Reason for incapability are high interfacial tension and, consequently, poor interface adhesion [3]. By blending polymers, new material can be developed that combine physical and mechanical properties of their components, depending on the composition and level of compability. Polymer blends are currently receiving great attention because they offer low-cost alternatives to the development of entirely new materials with improved properties. The advantages offered by hybrid composites materials are often considered in terms of the improvement in a particular mechanical property resulting from the addition of a second reinforcement type. The existence of a positive or negative hybrid effect is determined by three factors [4]: i) The relative volume fractions of the two fibers, ii) The arrangement of the fibers in the hybrid, and iii) The loading configuration. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the polymer blend composites due to their enhanced physical and mechanical properties. Shenoy and Melo [5] investigated the effect of guar gum and its hydroxypropyl derivatives in unsaturated polyester composites were investigated with respect to their