Risk Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diabetes Risk Test in Residents of Bah Bolon Village, Simalungun District

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of DM Type 2 is expected to increase to 7079 per 100,000 individuals in 2030 and 7862 in 2040.Meanwhile, based on Riskesdas data, Indonesia has a prevalence of DM of 2.1% in 2013. The highest prevalence was in Deli Serdang (2.9%) and followed by Medan (2.7%), Pematang Siantar (2.2%), Asahan (2.1%), Gunungsitoli (2,1%), Simalungun (1.57%) and Mandailing Natal (0.3%). The ADA Diabetes Risk Test is a simple strategy that used for screening prediabetes and diabetes in asymptomatic adults. Simalungun Regency is one of the 10 districts with a high prevalence of DM after Medan, Pematang Siantar and Asahan.Bah Bolon Village is one of the villages located in Dolog Masagal District.Bah bolon village is a remote village and far from the city and health facilities covering 342 heads of families. Aim of study is to know about how much risk factor of DM type 2 in Simalungun Distric using ADA Diabetes Risk Test. Methods: This study is analytical with a cross-sectional retrospective design.Data were analyzed after distribution test, then mean difference and correlation test was using the SPPS program where p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: This study showed that the prevalence ratio of the ADA Diabetes Risk Test was 3.04 which indicates that there is an increased risk of DM 3 times compared to individuals who have a low risk ADA Diabetes Risk Test score. The highest prevalence ratio is a history of hypertension. A history of hypertension increases the risk of developing T2DM sixfold. A history of hypertension has a 95% CI value of 2.19-17.84 which indicates that people with hypertension have a 2.19 to 17.84 times higher risk of developing T2DM. Conclusions: The significant association DM about 3 times in ADA Diabetes Risk Test between high score and low score, significant association between hypertension history with hyperglycemia. Keywords: DM Type 2, Risk Factors, ADA Diabetes Risk Test, Screening DM