Neonatal Sepsis in Low-Resource Emergency Settings: Evidence-Based Strategies for Early Recognition and Management

Abstract

This review highlights challenges in recognition, diagnosis, and management of neonatal sepsis in low-resource emergency settings. It discusses actionable, resource-adapted strategies to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed research articles and global health guideline addressing neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of newborn deaths, with low- and middle-income countries accounting for 99% of cases. Since limited access to blood cultures, biomarker testing, and antibiotic availability delay diagnosis and management. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance, poor infection control, and socioeconomic barriers worsen outcomes. However, emerging interventions including Point of care diagnostics, Kangaroo Mother Care, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence-based technologies demonstrate effectiveness. Early recognition and evidence-based management should be supported through affordable, feasible diagnostics, refined antibiotic use, and strengthened health infrastructure. Future initiatives must focus on innovations and international collaborations aimed at enhancing neonatal survival and health.