Impact of Structured Medication Therapy Management on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension as Associated Co-Morbidity

Abstract

Background: Effective management strategies using pharmacological and lifestyle interventions can improve patient outcomes among those with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: To understand the efficacy of an integrated intervention strategy to enhance clinical outcomes in hypertension and T2DM patients following 24 follow-ups. Methods: RCT of 96 participants was utilized with intervention and control groups. A combination of pharmacological adjustment, lifestyle modification, and patient education was given to the intervention group, and standard care was given to the control group. The primary outcome measures were the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), random blood sugar (RBS) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Paired t-tests and ANOVA were performed to do statistical analysis. Results: The reduction of SBP (mean reduction of 20.36 mmHg) DBP (mean reduction of 7.17 mmHg), RBS (mean reduction of 44.26 mg/dL) and HbA1c (mean decrease of 0.89%, p < 0.001) was found in the intervention group, being reduced significantly compared to that in the control group. Although the improved age and sex balance ensured the reliability and generalizability of the findings, the improvements were consistent at all levels of severity. Conclusion: Integrated intervention strategy produced an effect on blood pressure, glycemic control, and clinical events that were greater than with standard care. These findings have important implications for the multidimensional treatment approaches to manage hypertension and T2DM. Finally, the study serves to lay the foundation for future research on integrated models to optimize patient outcomes and health care efficiency.