The 'Ajamization of Islam in Ethiopia through Esoteric Textual Manifestations in Two Collections of Ethiopian Arabic Manuscripts

Abstract

While the word 'Ajamī traditionally refers to texts in many languages written with the modified Arabic script, the meaning has been expanded in the concept of 'Ajamization used in this volume. 'Ajamization is construed in this article, as it is operationalized in the volume, to refer to the various tangible and subtle enrichments of Islam, its culture, and its written and artistic traditions in Africa. 1 In this sense, it is not only the modification (enrichment) of the Arabic script that defines 'Ajamization, but also other features such as the content and the aesthetics of the texts. This paper focuses on the cultural dimension of 'Ajamization in two collections of Ethiopian Islamic texts written in Arabic.2 These texts encompass magic-related materials, including theurgic texts and invocations to jinn.3 I will examine these texts to ascertain whether they reflect a local cosmology, even if they are not written in Ajamī but in Arabic4.