Role of ayurveda with multi modal therapy in prevention and management of autism spectrum disorders (Asd): The whole system approach

Abstract

Introduction: Autism is a neuro-developmental ailment seen in the preschool age. It is a lifelong condition and requires long term and multiple treatment interventions. Aim and Objective: To review and present a possible prevention and treatment protocol on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Material and Method: The present study is based on the literature search from Ayurveda compendia, recent pediatric textbooks, articles published in research journals from 1983 to 2019. Observations and Result: ASDs are the complex diseases with imbalance of Tridosha and Dwimanasdoshas (fundamental principles of body and mind), based on typical clinical features which match with DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) that can be correlated with Unmada (Psychosis/insanity). ASDs can be classified into Autism, Asperger’s and Rett’s syndrome. The probable etiopathogenesis may be defective organogenesis, brain damage, metabolic or genetic changes. Discussion: Acharya emphasized on Yuktivyapashray (rational therapy), Daiva vyapashray (non-pharmacological spiritual therapy) and Satvavajay chikitsa (Ayurveda psychotherapy) altogether in Unmad treatment due to its complex nature. Recently developed therapies such as play therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy-CBT can be a good adjuvant with Ayurvedic management of ASDs for better quality of life. Conclusion: As no satisfactory treatment is available in modern medicine till now, multi-modal treatment such as Ayurveda, behavioral therapy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and early educational interventions might be beneficial to treat ASDs effectively. This review paper will be a torchbearer in the prevention and management of ASDs with the whole system approach and proposed management algorithm.