Interference with PPARγ Function in Smooth Muscle Causes Vascular Dysfunction and Hypertension

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a critical role in metabolism. Thiazolidinediones, high-affinity PPARγ ligands used clinically to treat type II diabetes, have been reported to lower blood pressure and provide other cardiovascular benefits. Some mutations in PPARγ (PPARG) cause type II diabetes and severe hypertension. Here we tested the hypothesis that PPARγ in vascular muscle plays a role in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative mutations in PPARγ under the control of a smooth-muscle-specific promoter exhibit a loss of responsiveness to nitric oxide and striking alterations in contractility in the aorta, hypertrophy and inward remodeling in the cerebral microcirculation, and systolic hypertension. These results identify PPARγ as pivotal in vascular muscle as a regulator of vascular structure, vascular function, and blood pressure, potentially explaining some of the cardioprotective effects of thiazolidinediones. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.