Unpacking Policy Implementation Science: What Is It and Why Does It Matter in Nursing?

Abstract

Background: Implementation science is concerned with identifying, applying, and evaluating the most pertinent approaches to translate evidence and innovation into practice. Innovation or evidence that needs to be translated into practice may include new programs, practices, principles, procedures, products, pills, and policies (7Ps). Literature about implementation science in nursing has focused mainly on implementation and uptake of practices, programs, products, and principles, but limited attention has been given to policy. Policy implementation is an emerging topic of discussion in implementation research. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of policy implementation science, how policy can be conceptualized in implementation research, and why it is essential to advance policy implementation science in nursing. Discussion: Policy implementation work carried out in a timely and sustainable manner can pave the way for more effective translation of evidence into impactful policy changes, thereby enhancing patient outcomes, optimizing nursing practice, and strengthening the healthcare system as a whole. Conclusions: With the ongoing evolution of the policy work in the nursing profession, it is imperative that policy implementation work is prioritized through focused attention to understanding the distinct processes, interest holders’ dynamics, and contextual factors that influence policy uptake in nursing. Implications for nursing policy: Nurses need to proactively engage in policy implementation research to empower themselves to become active agents of change through shaping and implementing policies that genuinely serve the needs of patients and the profession.