Adaptive Deployable Structure Enabled by Actively Controlled Tensegrity for Space Debris Removal

Abstract

The Earth's orbital environment is increasingly congested with space debris, posing a substantial risk to space operations and safety. Current mitigation strategies are primarily tailored to either small debris, through protective devices, or large debris, via spacecraft deorbiting methods, leaving medium-sized debris (0.4–10 cm) as a significant unaddressed threat. This study introduces an innovative adaptive deployable structure, utilizing actively controlled tensegrity, designed specifically for the removal of medium debris. The basic configuration and deployment process of the structure is detailed, followed by an analysis of key structural parameters affecting its folding and deployment performance. Additionally, the load-bearing capacity and impact resistance of the structure when integrated with a mesh fabric are evaluated. The optimal parameters and morphology for effective debris removal are identified, culminating in the construction of a 1:20 scale prototype for experimental validation. This structure not only adapts its configuration based on operational needs but also withstands impacts from space debris, thereby playing a crucial role in enhancing orbital safety.