Oral Lichen Planus: Risk factors of malignant transformation and follow up. Ten years retrospective study

Abstract

Background: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is an inflammatory chronic disease. Modified World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria (2003) suggest diagnosing OLP both clinically and histologically. Furthermore, it is known the potential of malignant transformation of OLP, especially those affecting mucosa. Aims of this retrospective study on 100 patients were i) to estimate the timing of transformation of OLP lesions in OSCC in a cohort of patients observed between 2008 and 2018; ii) to assess risk factors of OLP patients diagnosed with OSCC; iii) to analyse forms of OLP evolved in cancer. Material and Methods: A database of 100 patients diagnosed with OLP was evaluated and clinical, histological features of lesions, habits of patients and systemic diseases were analysed in a follow up ranged between 5 and 10 years. Results and Conclusions: Mean time of malignant transformation was 31,62± 18,26 months, however, 4 malignant transformations out of 8 occurred after 4 years of observation. Odds ratios for risk factors showed an association between malignant transformation and location. More focused attention on follow-up scheduling and designing could be a valuable resource in early diagnosis and cancer prevention.