Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to nivolumab/ipilimumab in a renal cell cancer patient—A case report

Abstract

Secondary immune-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare but life-threatening complication of immune checkpoint inhibitors. HLH-2004 and HLH-1994 guidelines originally developed for primary HLH are the only available guidelines. It has proven to have a good prognosis if diagnosed promptly with discontinuation of immunotherapy and treated with corticosteroid monotherapy.