Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids reflect intakes of saturated and n-6 PUFA within a similar time frame

Abstract

Erythrocytes, compared with plasma, are considered more robust markers of n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)intake, because dietary-induced change in fatty acid (FA) composition takes longer to complete. The extent to which thisapplies to intakes of saturated fatty acid (SFA) or n-6 PUFA is unclear. We compared the pattern of change over time in thefatty acid composition of plasma, erythrocyte, buccal cell, and adipose tissue lipids when changing between diets high inSFA or n-6 PUFA. Twenty-four (n = 7 male) healthy participants were instructed to consume either an SFA-rich (18%energy) or n-6 PUFA-rich (10% energy) diet for 8 wk before crossing over, without washout, to the alternate diet. The FAcomposition of plasma triacylglycerol (TG), nonesterified FAs, cholesterol ester, total phospholipids, erythrocyte totalphospholipids, erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine, and buccal cell total phospholipidswasmeasured every 2 wk and adipose tissueTG every 4 wk during the 16-wk intervention. Linoleic acid composition of plasma, erythrocyte, and buccal cell lipids increased(P < 0.01) during the first 2 wk of the n-6 PUFA diet and remained unchanged during the remaining 6 wk. During the 8-wk SFAdiet, the same pattern of change over time occurred for the pentadecanoic acid composition of plasma and erythrocyte lipids;however, the pentadecanoic acid composition of buccal cell lipids did not differ between the diet periods. There were nodifferences in linoleic or pentadecanoic acid composition of adipose tissue TG. These results suggest plasma and erythrocyteFAs reflect intakes of SFA and n-6 PUFA over a similar period of time. © 2014 American Society for Nutrition.