Uma revisão sobre duas espécies distintas de Rhipicephalus: R. microplus e R. australis

Abstract

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) species are monoxenous ticks with seasonal distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. For many years, Rhipicephalus microplus was considered as a single species; however, further analysis split these ticks into two distinct species. Because R. microplus and R. australis share similar attributes, it is hard to discriminate these two species and explain the changes in the classification of these parasites over the past decades. The reappearance of R. australis is an outcome of new research, which has afforded to better characterize these probably cryptic species. Evidence based on morphological features, the lack of conspecificity, microsatellite markers, mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial genome supports the re-classification of R. microplus as different species. Therefore, populations of R. microplus from Australia, Cambodia, Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Borneo, New Guinea, Tahiti and parts of Southeast Asia were recently reinstated as R. australis. Moreover, a better knowledge on the speciation between these two species could pave the way to important advances in tick control strategies.