H-1B Visa Sponsorship and Physician Trainee Retention: A Single Institution Experience

Abstract

Background: International medical graduates (IMGs) form a significant portion of the physician workforce in the United States and are vital in filling training slots due to a shortage of American medical graduates. Most often, IMGs require visa sponsorship, which must be solidified before applying for a residency or fellowship. Objective: We examined the association of H-1B visa sponsorship on retention of physician trainees within the state of Ohio. Methods: This was a single institutional study that examined all visa-sponsored residency and fellowship graduates who entered fully licensed clinical practice between 2006 and 2015. Practice location was ascertained immediately upon completion of training and at follow-up to determine which visa group (H-1B or J-1) were more likely to initially practice in Ohio after graduation and remain within the state. Results: Of 103 visa-sponsored residency and fellowship graduates, 42 were H-1B sponsored and 61 were J-1-sponsored. Fifty-two percent (22) of H-1B visa-sponsored trainees and 31% (19) of J-1 visa-sponsored trainees were retained in Ohio after graduation. At follow-up, 40% (17) of H-1B and 26% (16) of J-1 visa holders remained in the state. Conclusions: H-1B visa-sponsored trainees were more likely than those with J-1 visas to practice in the state of Ohio after graduation. Regardless of visa status, graduates tended not to change their geographical location over time.