An UWB fractal antenna with defected ground structure and swastika shape electromagnetic band gap

Abstract

In this paper, an ultra wideband antenna employing a defected ground structure is presented. The radiating element is a circular patch on which a fractal based geometry is inscribed in the form of slots and excited by a tapered feed-line for impedance matching. The antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 8.2 GHz (117% at centre frequency of 7 GHz) and a peak gain around 6 dB. To improve the impedance bandwidth and gain, a Swastika shape Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure is proposed. The unit cell of the proposed EBG has a compact size of 3mm×3mm and is obtained by introducing discontinuities in the outer ring of the Cross-Hair type EBG. The stop band (-20 dB) achieved with this EBG is 3.6 GHz (7.5 GHz-11.1 GHz) which is 1.6 GHz more than that achieved by a standard mushroom- type EBG of the same size and same number of elements. After application of the proposed EBG, there is an improvement of 12% in the impedance bandwidth while the peak gain increases by about 2-3 dB. The radiation of the antenna shows a dumb-bell shaped pattern in the E-plane and Omni-directional pattern in the H-plane. All the measured results are in good agreement with simulated results.