Enrichment provision for sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) and bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Bali Zoo, Gianyar

Abstract

Tiger Panthera tigris has a significant ecological role in its ecosystem, however, its population in nature has been declining drastically due to habitat degradation/loss, poaching of the tigers and their prey, wildlife trade, and human-tiger conflict. All P. tigris sub-species are included as endangered species on the IUCN red list and included in CITES Appendix 1. One of the efforts made to conserve endangered species is to link ex-situ conservation efforts with in-situ conservation. Providing enrichment can increase the complexity of the captive environment and further improve animal welfare by triggering active behaviour and preventing the emergence of stereotyped behaviour that often occurs in tiger species kept in cages at zoos. The Bali Zoo is an ex-situ conservation organization that plays a role in efforts to conserve tigers outside their natural habitat. This study aims to determine the types of enrichment given to sumatran tigers and bengal tigers at the Bali Zoo. This research was conducted in February-March 2021 using the direct observation method. This study recorded that various types of enrichment had been given which included food enrichment, sensory enrichment, physical enrichment, cognitive enrichment, and social enrichment to sumatran tigers and bengal tigers at the Bali Zoo. This provision has been able to reduce stress levels in these animals. Furthermore, although provision various types of enrichment have been well conducted in Bali Zoo, it is advisable to make more variety in anticipation to avoid causing boredom to the animals.