Sonoelectrochemistry in Acoustically Emulsified Media: The Detection of Lead

Abstract

The double extraction of target lead ions which are then voltammetrically quantified via acoustically assisted anodic stripping voltammetry is demonstrated. The technique involves first the extraction of lead from the aqueous volume into an organic phase containing the ligand dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone). Second, the chelated lead is then stripped into a clean electrochemically clean aqueous solution where the lead from the original solution can be quantified. This method is shown to be applicable in electrochemically fouling media, providing a high sensitivity with a limit of detection for lead in the order of 10-7 mol dm-3. A theoretical extraction model is presented for the optimal conditions of extraction. The technique is applied to the analysis of lead in wine samples offering quantitative data, which is in good agreement with those obtained from an independent technique (AAS).