Spatial Distribution of Malaria in the Semi-Arid Zone of Ghana: A Case of Upper West Region Using GIS Approach

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Ghana. However, we are faced with lack of reliable data on the spatial distribution for effective control measures in the semi-arid zones of Ghana. This study aimed at mapping and describing the transmission patterns of malaria to identify the high risk zones in the Upper west region of Ghana. Materials and Methods: We mapped the 7-years malaria data regarding all districts using a GPS. The mapping technique employed the graduated colour maps, with natural break classification method. Thematic map generated in ArcView was overlaid on a vegetation map of the region. Results: The maps showed spatial distribution of malaria in the region: Wa municipality had the highest incidence of the disease (21.72%), whereas, Daffiama-Bussie had the lowest rate (4.24%) during the study. The study also showed a very high malaria incidence (1.481001-1.910000) per 10000 in the Wa municipality, Nandowli-kaleo, and the Nandom districts. Over the period, the highest incidence was recorded within the grassland with scattered trees and widely cultivated areas of Savanna woodlands. Conclusion: Community health education, improvement of public health, interventions using the mass distribution of mosquitoes treated nets, and integrated vector control are recommended.