Copper Nanoparticles in Agriculture: Biological Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

Copper is an essential micronutrient incorporated into many proteins and metalloenzymes, and plays a significant role in the health and nutrition of plants. Copper nanoparticles due to unique properties are more efficient than bulk copper particles in activity and functioning. Due to antimicrobial activity copper nanoparticles are finding new applications in agriculture, healthcare and industry. However there are growing concerns regarding the indiscriminate use of either copper or copper nanoparticles which can cause toxic effects to plants and other living organisms. We review here the biological synthesis of copper nanoparticle using plant extracts and microorganisms; antibacterial and antifungal activity of copper nanoparticles and the impact of copper nanoparticles on crops and pathogenic microorganisms.