Sustainable cement and concrete technologies: a review of materials and processes for carbon reduction

Abstract

This literature review investigates sustainable cement and concrete technologies with a focus on reducing carbon emissions. Key areas of exploration include Alternative Cementitious Materials (ACMs), Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), and innovative alternative clinkers. The review also examines low-carbon concrete mixtures using performance-based assessments and artificial intelligence techniques to optimize formulations, alongside energy-efficient production processes. By synthesizing current research and advancements, this paper highlights the critical role of sustainable practices in transforming the cement and concrete industries to achieve substantial carbon reductions and enhance environmental sustainability.