Systemic Manifestations of Pseudoexfoliation

Abstract

Objective: Th e aim of our study was to establish a correlation between pseudoexfoliation and its systemic manifestation.Findings: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is an agerelated systemic disorder that leads to the overproduction and accumulation of the pseudoexfoliated materials in the visceral organs and in the eye. Many vascular diseases are closely related with pseudoexfoliation manifestations. Our results indicated that there were no statistically significant diff erences (p>0.05) among patients regarding the presence of hypertension in all groups: PEX glaucoma - 45% (9 patients); PEX syndrome- 40% (8 patients); and control groups- 35% (7 patients). Ischemic heart disease was statistically significant present in the sPEX syndrome- 20% (5 patients) and PEX glaucoma- 25% (5 patients) patient groupss, in comparison with those of the control group-10%, (p<0.05). Aortic aneurism was statistically significant present in patients with PEX (syndrome-5% or glaucoma-15%), compared to those in the control group, which included no patients with aneurisms, (p<0.05). Our results indicated that a statistically significant number of patients with aneurism were in the group of patients who developed PEX glaucoma (p<0.05). Cerebrovascular diseases were detected in all groups of patients, but a significant decrease in this metric was noted in the control group- 5% (2 patients), compared with patients with PEX syndrome- 15% and PEX glaucoma-25%, (p<0.05). Hearing loss, as a concomitant sign of PEX manifestation, was recorded in all patients, but in the group with PEX (syndrome-55% or glaucoma-75%), these results showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in comparison with those of patients in the control group (10%). Among the patients with PEX (syndrome and glaucoma), there were no statistically significant diff erences in the selected categories of systemic manifestations (p<0.05). Th is result indicates that the main risk for systemic manifestation is the presence of PEX and that other ocular and vascular complications are, in fact, consequences of PEX.Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation is strongly related to systemic vascular disturbances. A detailed examination of patients with PEX by specialists in internal disease or by neurologists should be performed. Such recommended examinations can be helpful in the prevention of diff erent vascular diseasess among patients with PEX, especially atthose in the early stages.Cilj: Cilj našeg ispitivanja je bio da se utvrdi korelacija između pseudoeksfolijacija i njihovih sistemskih manifestacijaRezultati: Pseudoeksfolijacije su sistemski poremećaj, starijeg životnog doba, kog karakteriše povećana produkcija i nakupljanje pseudoeksfolijativnog materijala u visceralnim organima, i u oku vezane za starije. Mnoge vaskularne bolesti su u neposrednoj povezanosti sa prisustvom pseudoeksfolijacija u oku. Naši rezultati ukazuju da nije bilo statistički značjne razlike u incidenci hipertenzije kod pripadnika sve tri ispitivane grupe, (p>0.05): PEX glaukom- 45% (9 pacijenata); PEX sindrom- 40% (8 pacijenata) i kontrolna grupa- 35% (7 pacijenata). Ishemijska bolest srca je statistički značajno zastupljena u grupi bolesnika sa PEX sindromom- 20% (5 pacijenata) i PEX glaukomom- 25% (5 pacijenata) u poređenju sa bolesnicima iz kontrolne grupe-10%, (p<0.05). Kod bolesnika sa PEX (sindrom-5% i glaukom-15%) uočeno je statistički značajan (p<0.05) broj bolesnika sa aneurizmom aorte u odnosu na kontrolne grupe, gde nisu zabeležene. Cerebrovaskularna oboljenja su statistički značajno umanjena, (p<0.05) u kontrolnoj grupi 5% (2 pacijenta) u poređenju sa ispitanicima iz grupe bolesnika sa PEX: sindrom- 15% i PEX glaukom-25%, (p<0.05). Gubitak sluha, koji se sreće kod bolesnika sa PEX, je zabeležen kod svih ispitanika, ali je statistički značajan broj (p<0.05) u grupi bolesnika sa PEX (sindrom-55% i glaukom- 75%) u odnosu na pripadnike kontrolne grupe (10%). Naše ispitivanje ukazuje da je prisustvo PEX faktor rizika za različite vaskularne komplikacije.Zaključak: Pseudoeksfolijacije su u neposrednoj povezanosti sa brojnim vaskularnim poremećajima. Bolesnici koji imaju PEX bi trebalo da budu detaljno ispitani od strane specijaliste interne medicine i neurologa. Njihova detaljna ispitivanja, naročito u ranoj fazi bolesti, bi bila od velike pomoći u prevenciji teških vaskularnih komplikacije sistemskih manifestacija PEX