Comparative Analysis of National Artificial Intelligence Strategies and Their Impact on Good Governance Indicators in Africa

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping governance by enhancing accountability, public service efficiency, and decision-making processes. While AI's impact on governance is well-documented in developed nations, its role in Africa remains underexplored. This study employed a comparative case study approach to examine the implications of national AI strategies in 40 African countries from 2013 to 2022, leveraging data from the 2022 World Governance Index and policy documents. A structured analytical framework was applied to assess governance indicators, including government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and control of corruption. Findings indicated that countries with AI strategies, such as Kenya, South Africa, and Rwanda, demonstrated improved governance metrics. Specifically, government effectiveness scores in these nations increased from a mean of -0.3435 in 2013 to -0.3058 in 2022, with reduced variability (standard deviation of 0.48). In contrast, countries without AI strategies saw a decline in effectiveness, with mean scores dropping from -0.9929 to -1.0847 and greater variability (standard deviation of 0.65). While AI applications in various sectors, such as agriculture and healthcare, have yielded positive outcomes, their direct contribution to governance requires further examination. Infrastructure deficits, data privacy concerns, and digital literacy gaps persist despite these advancements. Addressing these barriers ensures that AI strategies equitably enhance regional governance. The study underscores the necessity for policydriven AI adoption to foster sustainable governance improvements in Africa.