Integrative Predictive Models of Computed Tomography Texture Parameters and Hematological Parameters for Lymph Node Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinomas

Abstract

Objectives The aims of the study were to integrate characteristics of computed tomography (CT), texture, and hematological parameters and to establish predictive models for lymph node (LN) metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods A total of 207 lung adenocarcinoma cases with confirmed postoperative pathology and preoperative CT scans between February 2017 and April 2019 were included in this retrospective study. All patients were divided into training and 2 validation cohorts chronologically in the ratio of 3:1:1. The χ2 test or Fisher exact test were used for categorical variables. The Shapiro-Wilk test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for continuous variables. Logistic regression and machine learning algorithm models based on CT characteristics, texture, and hematological parameters were used to predict LN metastasis. The performance of the multivariate models was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve; prediction performance was evaluated in the validation cohorts. Decision curve analysis confirmed its clinical utility. Results Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that pleural thickening (P = 0.013), percentile 25th (P = 0.033), entropy gray-level co-occurrence matrix 10 (P = 0.019), red blood cell distribution width (P = 0.012), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (P = 0.049) were independent risk factors associated with LN metastasis. The area under the curve of the predictive model established using the previously mentioned 5 independent risk factors was 0.929 in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The highest area under the curve was obtained in the training cohort (0.777 using Naive Bayes algorithm). Conclusions Integrative predictive models of CT characteristics, texture, and hematological parameters could predict LN metastasis in lung adenocarcinomas. These findings may provide a reference for clinical decision making.