Advances in micropropagation and genome engineering strategies for improving ornamental plant Dianthus caryophyllus L.

Abstract

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is among the most important ornamental plant used as cut and potted plant. A significant portion of the production of disease-free, healthy plants as well as the rapid growth of different cultivars with desired characteristics have been made possible by in vitro propagation. The numerous protocols for in vitro carnation propagation that have been developed in recent years are covered in the current review. Factors primarily responsible for improving the propagation efficiency are also discussed. The anomaly of hyperhydricity during carnation micropropagation has been noted, and several solutions to this issue are also included. In recent times, there has been an increasing need to develop cost-effective methods and enhanced protocols for high rates of shoot multiplication. Moreover, the application of contemporary biotechnological tools for improving carnation, such as genetic engineering, DNA markers, gene editing, and RNA-based gene silencing are also addressed. The review has also emphasized the challenges associated with applying biotechnological tools to improve carnation. All things considered, the current review provides comprehensive information on biotechnological and in vitro methods for genetic improvement in carnation.